In the second half of 2024, one of the world’s largest FMCG companies set its sights on a bold expansion strategy. Armed with optimistic predictions about a massive Total Addressable Market (TAM), leadership envisioned billions of dollars in untapped revenue streams across new regions. The plan seemed foolproof. However, within just 18 months, it became clear that the optimistic projections were far from reality. Though the TAM looked promising on paper, the company had overlooked critical real-world obstacles, such as complex regulations in Asia, unpredictable distribution in Sub-Saharan Africa, and shifting tax policies in Latin America.
The problem wasn’t ambition—it was a fundamental misunderstanding of what the company could actually achieve. They were chasing after a market that was theoretically vast but practically inaccessible. The company needed more than a larger TAM—they needed a deeper understanding of their Serviceable Obtainable Market (SOM)—the actual market they could serve given the constraints of real-world conditions.
This case highlights a crucial question for today’s market intelligence leaders: How do you identify hidden risks before they derail your strategy? The answer lies in going beyond the standard market size numbers and adjusting your expectations based on real-time intelligence that adapts to the ever-shifting global landscape.
Let’s face it—traditional market models are quickly becoming obsolete in today’s volatile world. TAM, which once served as a catch-all estimate of market opportunity, is no longer enough. The business environment is in constant flux: trade wars, ever-changing tariffs, geopolitical tensions, new regulatory frameworks, and evolving macroeconomic factors are just some of the variables that affect business decisions in unpredictable ways.
Typically, businesses plan their growth based on the TAM, which represents the broadest possible opportunity, assuming there are no obstacles in the way. From this, they zoom in on the Serviceable Available Market (SAM), accounting for real-world constraints like geographic limitations, market fit, and operational barriers. Then, they refine their focus to the SOM, the portion of the market that’s realistically obtainable given a company’s resources and capabilities.
But in an unstable world, this traditional approach—moving from TAM to SAM to SOM—can be a flawed model. Markets are no longer predictable, and assumptions about growth based on static factors often don’t hold true. Economic, geopolitical, and environmental changes are now constant variables, reshaping the landscape faster than ever before.
Think of TAM as the forecast: a broad, directional estimate of the market potential. It gives you an overall sense of where things are headed, but it doesn’t account for sudden storms that could derail your plans.
SOM, on the other hand, is your radar: immediate, real-time, and designed to show you what’s really happening in the moment. It helps you navigate through the economic and geopolitical turbulence of today's markets and adjust your plans accordingly.
SOM doesn’t ask, “What’s possible?” It asks, “What’s actually probable—and more importantly, profitable?”
Watch CEO Oliver Guirdham break down real-world TAM applications in this must-see webinar.
At the heart of transforming TAM into actionable, real-world insights is dynamic market intelligence. This isn’t just about collecting data—it’s about anticipating the future by continuously tracking the pulse of the market. Whether it's competitor activities, evolving regulations, or macroeconomic changes, SOM is built on constant, real-time updates. It’s not just a snapshot; it’s a living, breathing model that evolves with the market.
At The Business Research Company, we don’t just provide static market figures. We specialize in helping businesses create a dynamic, geography-specific SOM model that gives them a sharp, actionable view of what’s happening in real time. In one engagement, we worked with an FMCG leader who had overinvested in markets only to find them blocked by regulatory changes. Our role was to recalibrate their strategy with a customized SOM, flagging hidden barriers and recalculating ROI projections based on current market conditions.
SOM-driven modeling has become a game changer for businesses, especially as they grapple with the complexities of modern markets. By focusing on what’s achievable, rather than just what’s possible, companies can:
Take the example of a global MedTech company looking to expand into Latin America. Their initial TAM suggested a $2.1 billion opportunity across five countries. But once we applied the SOM lens, we uncovered a 40% reduction in the market size due to new import tariffs in Brazil and Argentina, and another 20% exclusion due to local intellectual property restrictions. The recalculated SOM? Just over $1 billion—but within a more achievable, three-year ROI window. What had been a broad, risky strategy became a focused, realistic, and profitable plan.
Ultimately, TAM is more than just a number—it’s a belief system. It’s how businesses view the world: stable or unpredictable, accessible or restricted, abstract or grounded in real-time conditions. As markets evolve and the global business environment becomes more uncertain, it’s crucial to challenge the assumptions that underpin traditional TAM models.
While TAM outlines what could be, SOM reveals what should be. In a time of constant change, the most valuable asset a business can have is real-time market intelligence that helps them navigate the complexity of today’s markets.
At The Business Research Company, we help you bridge that gap—transforming market intelligence from static data into a living, actionable strategy that allows you to stay ahead of the competition, regardless of what the world throws your way.
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