1. Executive Summary 2. Personal Care Services Market Characteristics
3. Personal Care Services Product/Service Analysis -Product/Service Examples
3.1. Personal Care Services Supply Chain Analysis
3.1.1. Personal Care Services Resources
3.1.2. Personal Care Services Manufacturers
3.1.3. Personal Care Services Distributors and Retailers
3.1.4. Personal Care Services End Users
3.2. Personal Care Services Customer Information
4. Personal Care Services Market Trends And Strategies
5. Personal Care Services Market - Macro Economic Scenario
5.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
5.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
5.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market
6. Global Personal Care Services Market Size and Growth
6.1. Global Personal Care Services Market Drivers and Restraints
6.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
6.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
6.2. Global Personal Care Services Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
6.3. Global Personal Care Services Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)
7. Personal Care Services Market Segmentation
7.1. Global Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Beauty Salons
Diet And Weight Reducing Centers
Spas & Massage Parlors
Other Personal Care Services
7.2. Global Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Male
Female
7.3. Global Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Age Group, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Below 15
15-40
Above 40-65
Above 65
7.4. Global Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
On-Premise
Off Premise
8. Personal Care Services Market Regional And Country Analysis
8.1. Global Personal Care Services Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.2. Global Personal Care Services Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
9. Asia-Pacific Personal Care Services Market
9.1. Asia-Pacific Personal Care Services Market Overview
Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
9.2. Asia-Pacific Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
9.3. Asia-Pacific Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
9.4. Asia-Pacific Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10. China Personal Care Services Market
10.1. China Personal Care Services Market Overview
10.2. China Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
10.3. China Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
10.4. China Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
11. India Personal Care Services Market
11.1. India Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.2. India Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.3. India Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12. Japan Personal Care Services Market
12.1. Japan Personal Care Services Market Overview
12.2. Japan Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.3. Japan Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.4. Japan Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13. Australia Personal Care Services Market
13.1. Australia Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.2. Australia Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.3. Australia Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14. Indonesia Personal Care Services Market
14.1. Indonesia Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.2. Indonesia Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.3. Indonesia Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15. South Korea Personal Care Services Market
15.1. South Korea Personal Care Services Market Overview
15.2. South Korea Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.3. South Korea Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.4. South Korea Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16. Bangladesh Personal Care Services Market
16.1. Bangladesh, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
16.2. Bangladesh, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17. Thailand Personal Care Services Market
17.1. Thailand, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
17.2. Thailand, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18. Vietnam Personal Care Services Market
18.1. Vietnam, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
18.2. Vietnam, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19. Malaysia Personal Care Services Market
19.1. Malaysia, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
19.2. Malaysia, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20. Singapore Personal Care Services Market
20.1. Singapore, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
20.2. Singapore, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21. Philippines Personal Care Services Market
21.1. Philippines, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
21.2. Philippines, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22. Hong kong Personal Care Services Market
22.1. Hong Kong, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
22.2. Hong Kong, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23. New Zealand Personal Care Services Market
23.1. New Zealand, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
23.2. New Zealand, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24. Western Europe Personal Care Services Market
24.1. Western Europe Personal Care Services Market Overview
24.2. Western Europe Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.3. Western Europe Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.4. Western Europe Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25. UK Personal Care Services Market
25.1. UK Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.2. UK Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.3. UK Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26. Germany Personal Care Services Market
26.1. Germany Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.2. Germany Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.3. Germany Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27. France Personal Care Services Market
27.1. France Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.2. France Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.3. France Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28. Italy Personal Care Services Market
28.1. Italy Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.2. Italy Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.3. Italy Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29. Spain Personal Care Services Market
29.1. Spain Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.2. Spain Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.3. Spain Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
30. Austria Personal Care Services Market
30.1. Austria, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
30.2. Austria, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
31. Belgium Personal Care Services Market
31.1. Belgium, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
31.2. Belgium, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
32. Denmark Personal Care Services Market
32.1. Denmark, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
32.2. Denmark, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
33. Finland Personal Care Services Market
33.1. Finland, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
33.2. Finland, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
34. Ireland Personal Care Services Market
34.1. Ireland, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
34.2. Ireland, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
35. Netherlands Personal Care Services Market
35.1. Netherlands, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
35.2. Netherlands, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
36. Norway Personal Care Services Market
36.1. Norway, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
36.2. Norway, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
37. Portugal Personal Care Services Market
37.1. Portugal, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
37.2. Portugal, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
38. Sweden Personal Care Services Market
38.1. Sweden, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
38.2. Sweden, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
39. Switzerland Personal Care Services Market
39.1. Switzerland, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
39.2. Switzerland, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
40. Eastern Europe Personal Care Services Market
40.1. Eastern Europe Personal Care Services Market Overview
40.2. Eastern Europe Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
40.3. Eastern Europe Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
40.4. Eastern Europe Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
41. Russia Personal Care Services Market
41.1. Russia Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
41.2. Russia Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
41.3. Russia Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
42. Czech Republic Personal Care Services Market
42.1. Czech Republic, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
42.2. Czech Republic, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
43. Poland Personal Care Services Market
43.1. Poland, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
43.2. Poland, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
44. Romania Personal Care Services Market
44.1. Romania, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
44.2. Romania, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
45. Ukraine Personal Care Services Market
45.1. Ukraine, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
45.2. Ukraine, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
46. North America Personal Care Services Market
46.1. North America Personal Care Services Market Overview
46.2. North America Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
46.3. North America Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
46.4. North America Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
47. USA Personal Care Services Market
47.1. USA Personal Care Services Market Overview
47.2. USA Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
47.3. USA Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
47.4. USA Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
48. Canada Personal Care Services Market
48.1. Canada Personal Care Services Market Overview
48.2. Canada Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
48.3. Canada Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
48.4. Canada Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
49. Mexico Personal Care Services Market
49.1. Mexico, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
49.2. Mexico, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
50. South America Personal Care Services Market
50.1. South America Personal Care Services Market Overview
50.2. South America Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
50.3. South America Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
50.4. South America Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
51. Brazil Personal Care Services Market
51.1. Brazil Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
51.2. Brazil Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
51.3. Brazil Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
52. Chile Personal Care Services Market
52.1. Chile, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
52.2. Chile, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
53. Argentina Personal Care Services Market
53.1. Argentina, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
53.2. Argentina, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
54. Colombia Personal Care Services Market
54.1. Colombia, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
54.2. Colombia, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
55. Peru Personal Care Services Market
55.1. Peru, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
55.2. Peru, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
56. Middle East Personal Care Services Market
56.1. Middle East Personal Care Services Market Overview
56.2. Middle East Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
56.3. Middle East Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
56.4. Middle East Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
57. Saudi Arabia Personal Care Services Market
57.1. Saudi Arabia, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
57.2. Saudi Arabia, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
58. Israel Personal Care Services Market
58.1. Israel, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
58.2. Israel, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
59. Iran Personal Care Services Market
59.1. Iran, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
59.2. Iran, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
60. Turkey Personal Care Services Market
60.1. Turkey, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
60.2. Turkey, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
61. United Arab Emirates Personal Care Services Market
61.1. United Arab Emirates, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
61.2. United Arab Emirates, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
62. Africa Personal Care Services Market
62.1. Africa Personal Care Services Market Overview
62.2. Africa Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
62.3. Africa Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Gender, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
62.4. Africa Personal Care Services Market, Segmentation By Type of Premise, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
63. Egypt Personal Care Services Market
63.1. Egypt, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
63.2. Egypt, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
64. Nigeria Personal Care Services Market
64.1. Nigeria, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
64.2. Nigeria, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
65. South Africa Personal Care Services Market
65.1. South Africa, Personal Care Services Historic Market, 2018 - 2023, $ Billion
65.2. South Africa, Personal Care Services Forecast Market, 2018-2023, 2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
66. Personal Care Services Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles
66.1. Personal Care Services Market Competitive Landscape
66.2. Personal Care Services Market Company Profiles
66.2.1. Weight Watchers International, Inc.
66.2.1.1. Overview
66.2.1.2. Products and Services
66.2.1.3. Strategy
66.2.1.4. Financial Performance
66.2.2. Regis Corporation
66.2.2.1. Overview
66.2.2.2. Products and Services
66.2.2.3. Strategy
66.2.2.4. Financial Performance
66.2.3. Great Clips, Inc.
66.2.3.1. Overview
66.2.3.2. Products and Services
66.2.3.3. Strategy
66.2.3.4. Financial Performance
66.2.4. Sport Clips, Inc.
66.2.4.1. Overview
66.2.4.2. Products and Services
66.2.4.3. Strategy
66.2.4.4. Financial Performance
66.2.5. Ratner Companies, L.C.
66.2.5.1. Overview
66.2.5.2. Products and Services
66.2.5.3. Strategy
66.2.5.4. Financial Performance
67. Personal Care Services Market Other Major And Innovative Companies
67.1. Jenny Craig, Inc.
67.2. L'Oréal S.A.
67.3. Toni & Guy
67.4. Lakme Lever Private Limited
67.5. Bijin Salon & Spa
67.6. Naturals
67.7. Jawed Habibs Hair and Beauty Salon
67.8. Shahnaz Husain
67.9. VLCC
67.10. Affinity Salon
67.11. Catherine De France Hair & Beauty Salon
67.12. MetodoRossano Ferretti
67.13. Eric Paris Salon
67.14. Enoshima Island Spa
67.15. Elana Jade Beauty Spa
68. Global Personal Care Services Market Competitive Benchmarking
69. Global Personal Care Services Market Competitive Dashboard
70. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Personal Care Services Market
71. Personal Care Services Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis
71.1 Personal Care Services Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
71.2 Personal Care Services Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
71.3 Personal Care Services Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
71.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
71.3.2 Competitor Strategies
72. Appendix
72.1. Abbreviations
72.2. Currencies
72.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
72.4. Research Inquiries
72.5. The Business Research Company
72.6. Copyright And Disclaimer