Central Nervous System Drugs Market Definition

The central nervous system (CNS) drugs market consists of sales of central nervous system drugs and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture central nervous system drugs that are used in the treatment of diseases affecting the brain or spinal cord. The CNS drugs include anesthetics, anticonvulsants, antiemetics, antiparkinsonian agents, CNS stimulants, analgesics, and sedatives. Neurological diseases such as Epilepsy, Parkinson and psychological indications such as depression, and dementia are generally treated through these CNS drugs. Nervous system disorders are defined as disorders that affect the brain as well as the nerves found throughout the human body and the spinal cord. Structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves can result in a range of symptoms. Some of the common clinical indications of such disorders include paralysis, muscle weakness, poor coordination, loss of sensation, seizures, confusion, pain and altered levels of consciousness. These also include mental health conditions such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The market for CNS disorder drugs comprises of drugs that work in different ways depending on the type of disease by suppressing or boosting the brain activities.

CAR-T Therapy Market Definition

The chimeric antigen receptor -T therapy market consists of sales of CAR-T therapy products and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that develop chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies to treat blood cancers. CAR-T therapy is type of immunotherapy in which T-cells taken from patient’s blood are modified in a laboratory with the addition of a special protein receptor that grants T-cells the power to recognize as well as kill cancer cells easily, along with infusing the same back into that patient. This special protein receptor, known as the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), attaches to a specific protein on a patient’s cancer cells. The infused cells multiply and prevail in the patient’s body as living drugs. This industry includes establishments that are involved in the research and development to introduce new targeted cell therapies for treating indications related mostly to hematological malignancies. However, some of the pipeline CAR-T therapies are aimed at targeting solid tumors including pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, kidney cancer, brain tumor, and other cancer types.

Pharmaceutical Drugs Market Definition

Pharmaceutical drugs are substances used to prevent treat or cure diseases or ailments or to alleviate their symptoms. Pharmaceutical companies produce pharmaceutical drugs made from active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and excipients. The pharmaceutical drug market consists of sales of pharmaceutical drugs by entities (organizations sole traders and partnerships) that produce and sell pharmaceutical drugs or biologics used to treat various diseases. This industry includes establishments that produce drugs such as cardiovascular drugs gastrointestinal drugs genito-urinary drugs hematology drugs and other drugs used to treat cardiovascular diseases rare genetic disorders infections metabolic disorders cancers respiratory diseases and others.

Oncology Drugs Market Definition

Oncology drugs refer to preparations used to treat cancer, which is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells. These drugs work by either killing cancer cells or slowing down their growth and spread. Oncology drugs may be used alone or in combination with other treatments, such as surgery or radiation therapy. The oncology drugs market consists of sales of oncology drugs and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce oncology drugs and biologics to treat all types of cancers. This industry includes establishments that produce pharmaceutical drugs and biologics used in chemotherapy, radio therapies for treating gastric cancer, kidney cancer, brain tumor, and other cancer types.

Dry Eye Medication Market Definition

The dry eye medication market consists of sales of dry eye drugs and other related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture dry eye medication (or drugs) used to treat dry eyes. The dry eye medication market covers drugs that are used in the treatment of diseases related to dry eyes, irritation, pain, and infection. Dry eye is one of the most common eye related medical conditions; for example, an estimated 25 million Americans suffer from at least one symptom of dry eyes. It can be defined as the inability of human eyes to produce or maintain a sufficient quantity and quality of natural tears to lubricate the eyes. This can result in damage to the surface of the eyes, leading to pain, irritation, and inflammation, increase the risk of eye infection, and affect a person’s vision. Common disorders caused by dry eyes include keratoconjunctivitis sicca, evaporative dry eye disease, and aqueous dry eye disease. The market numbers in this briefing cover pharmaceutical (drug) treatments and do not cover biologic treatments for these conditions, which are included in a separate report.

The genito-urinary drugs market consists of sales of genito-urinary drugs and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce genito-urinary drugs to treat genito- urinary diseases such as urinary tract infections, male reproductive diseases, voiding diseases, female reproductive diseases, glomerular disorders, urinary calculi, cystic kidney disease, Reno vascular diseases, benign prostate diseases, and other related diseases. This industry includes establishments that produce infertility drugs, hormonal contraceptives, erectile dysfunction drugs and hormonal replacement drugs to treat infertility, infections and prevent pregnancy. It also consists of establishments which produce drugs for benign prostatic hypertrophy, drugs for urinary incontinence and overactive bladder, diuretics to treat urinary calculi, glomerular disorders and other urinary disorders. The main types of genito-urinary drugs are hormonal contraceptives, drugs for benign prostatic hypertrophy, drugs for infertility, drugs for erectile dysfunction, drugs for urinary incontinence and overactive bladder, drugs for infections and others, drugs for hormonal replacement therapy and diuretics. Hormonal contraceptives are medications or devices that reduce the likelihood of becoming pregnant. The drugs are administered through oral, parenteral, and others that are classified into branded and generic drugs. The various mode of purchase includes prescription-based drugs and over-the-counter drugs which are distributed by hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies/ drug stores, and others. The global genito-urinary drugs market size is expected to grow from $40.40 billion in 2021 to $42.75 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.8%. The growth in the market is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The genito-urinary drugs market is expected to reach $63.83 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 10.5%. The aging population profile of most countries contributed to the growth of the gastrointestinal drugs market. The increase in patient pool due to rising geriatric population globally, contributed significantly to the growth of the market during the historic period. According to the WHO, by 2030, one in every six people on the planet will be 60 or older. The proportion of the population aged 60 and up will rise from 1 billion in 2020 to 2.2 billion by 2050. This rise in the geriatric population increased the demand for medical care and drove the healthcare expenditure. This has led to increased demand for pharmaceuticals products, significantly impacting market growth during this period. Regulatory agencies and federal governments adopted stringent regulations and took a tough stance on drug pricing by pharmaceutical companies during the historic period. Pharmaceutical companies faced criticism from politicians, patients and physicians over high pricing of some medicines and drugs. Moreover, companies had to sell drugs and medicines at subsidized rates to government hospitals, doctors and clinics, further effecting companies’ revenues. This led to drug manufacturing companies operating on a reduced profit margin, which negatively impacted the attractiveness of the genito-urinary drugs industry in the historic period. Pharmaceutical companies are investing in development of new class drugs for treating overactive bladders (OAB). Earlier anti-muscarinic agents have been used for the treatment of OAB. Going forward, the market is expected to be driven by a new class of drug known as beta-3 adrenergic agonists that has been increasingly used to treat OAB. Beta-3 adrenergic agonists are drugs which cause the bladder muscles to relax without causing side effects such as dry mouth. For instance, In December 2019, GEMTESA's new drug application (NDA) was submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and it was accepted for review in March 2020. GEMTESA ® is a beta-3 adrenergic agonist used to treat overactive bladder (OAB) in adults with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and urinary frequency. Major companies in the genito-urinary drugs market include Sanofi S.A, GlaxosmithKline, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Reckitt, Benckiser Group plc, Astellas Pharma Inc., Otsuka Holdings Co ltd, Pfizer Inc., Merck KGaA and Daiichi Sankyo Company. North America was the largest region in the genito-urinary market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the genito-urinary drugs market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the dermatology drugs market report are Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA, Venezuela and Vietnam. The global genito-urinary drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Hormonal Contraceptives, Drugs for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy, Drugs for Infertility, Drugs for Erectile Dysfunction, Drugs for Urinary Incontinence and Overactive Bladder, Drugs for Infections and Others, Drugs for Hormonal Replacement Therapy, Diuretics 2) By Distribution Channel: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies/ Drug Stores, Others 3) By Route of Administration: Oral, Parenteral, Others 4) By Drug Classification: Branded Drugs, Generic Drugs 5) By Mode of Purchase: Prescription-Based Drugs, Over-The-Counter Drugs

The anti-infective drugs market consists of sales of branded and generic anti-infective drugs and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture branded or generic anti-infective drugs to treat microbial infections. The anti-infective drugs industry includes establishments that manufacture antibiotics to treat bacterial infections, anti-viral drugs to treat viral infections, anti-fungal drugs to treat fungal infections, anti-helminthic drugs to kill internal parasites, and antiprotozoal agents to treat protozoan infections. The main types of anti-infective drugs are antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals and others (anthelminthic, antiprotozoal). Antibiotics are drugs that either kill or slow the growth of bacteria. The drugs are administered through oral, parenteral, and others that are classified into branded and generic drugs. The various mode of purchase includes prescription-based drugs and over-the-counter drugs which are distributed by hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies/ drug stores, and others. The global anti-infective drugs market size is expected to decline from $220.0 billion in 2021 to $246.80 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.2%. The change in the anti-infective drugs market growth trend is mainly due to the companies stabilizing their output after catering to the demand that grew exponentially during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The anti-infective drugs market is expected to reach $614.29 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 25.6%. The anti-infective drugs market is expected to benefit from the latest developments in drug discovery procedures such as stem cells and organ-on-chip (OOC) technologies. OOCs are micro-engineered biometric systems that simulate the activities, mechanics and physiological responses of organ systems. Drug trial processes such as target identification, validation, and screening are being executed through OOC and stem cell technologies. These technologies are considerably reducing the drug discovery costs and generating reliable predictions on drug efficiency and human safety. Another area of development is physiology-simulation modelling, in which the integrated physiology of the human organism, in both health and disease, is simulated through a computer program. Eli Lilly and Pfizer have adopted Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) platform to conduct simulation models in early stages of the drug discovery process that are operational within hours, whereas traditional models take weeks to conduct simulations. The wide adoption of these technologies is expected to drive the anti-infective drugs market in the forecast period. The anti-infective drugs market is expected to be restrained by the increasing number of antimicrobial resistance cases due to growing ineffectiveness of conventional anti-infective drugs such as penicillin. Antimicrobial resistance is the final stage of the adaptation process of microorganisms such as bacteria to the environment developing the ability to resist the effects of anti-infective drugs. This is mainly caused by the overuse and misuse of anti-infective drugs such as antibiotics. The excessive use and misuse of anti-infective drugs increases the rate of the bacteria’s resistance, with an estimated 70% of bacteria ever discovered already being resistant to at least one anti-infective drug which was commonly used to treat them in the past. It is expected that deaths caused by antimicrobial resistance will rise to 10 million deaths by 2050. Increasing incidences of bacteria’s resistance to anti-infective drugs are expected to limit the use of anti-infective drugs, affecting the market’s growth. Anti-infective drug manufacturers are investing in programs to develop drugs to treat drug resistant infections. Antimicrobial resistance is a serious concern to global public health as it resulted in long duration of illness, the requirement of additional tests and use of more expensive drugs. Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi change and adapted to drugs when they are exposed to antimicrobial drugs such as antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, anthelmintics and others. According to World Health Organization (WHO), globally 4, 80,000 people are being affected by multi-drug resistant TB each year and drug resistance is starting to complicate the treatment of malaria and HIV as well. Companies are investing in developing the new drug candidates to treat drug-resistant infections. For instance, in 2019, the antibacterial agents imipenem, cilastatin and relebactam combination, pretomanid, lefamulin, and cefiderocol was approved by the US FDA in the field of resistant bacteria treatment for specific indications. Major companies in the anti-infective drugs market include Gilead Sciences, GlaxosmithKline, Merck & Co, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer Inc., AbbVie, Bayer AG, Mylan N.V., Shionogi and F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. North America was the largest region in the anti-infective drugs in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the anti-infective drugs market report are Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA, Venezuela and Vietnam. The global anti-infective drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Antibiotics, Antivirals, Antifungals, Others (Anthelminthic, Antiprotozoal) 2) By Distribution Channel: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies/ Drug Stores, Others 3) By Route of Administration: Oral, Parenteral, Others 4) By Drug Classification: Branded Drugs, Generic Drugs 5) By Mode of Purchase: Prescription-Based Drugs, Over-The-Counter Drugs

The respiratory diseases drugs market consists of sales of respiratory diseases drugs and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce drugs to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, acute bronchitis, emphysema, cystic fibrosis and other diseases. This industry includes establishments that produce anti-asthmatics and COPD drugs to prevent acute attacks caused by respiratory diseases and cough and cold preparations to treat cough and cold. Some of the major drugs in the market include antimuscarinics, corticosteroids, Codral®, Coldrex® and Lemsip®. The main types of respiratory diseases drugs are anti-asthmatics and copd drugs, cough and cold preparations. Any medication that relieves the symptoms of asthma is considered an anti-asthmatic drugs. The drugs are administered through oral, parenteral, and others that are classified into branded and generic drugs. The various mode of purchase includes prescription-based drugs and over-the-counter drugs which are distributed by hospital pharmacies, retail pharmacies/ drug stores and others. The global respiratory diseases drugs market size is expected to decline from $142.57 billion in 2021 to $154.79 billion in 2022 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.6%. The change in the respiratory diseases drugs market growth trend is mainly due to the companies stabilizing their output after catering to the demand that grew exponentially during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The respiratory diseases drugs market is expected to reach $292.01 billion in 2026 at a CAGR of 17.2%. During the forecast period, the growth of the respiratory diseases drugs market will be restrained by patent expiration of branded respiratory diseases drugs. In general, pharmaceutical companies invest a large sum of money in the drug development process and patents. During the patency period, the company holding the patent holds exclusivity for the manufacturing and distribution of drugs. Post expiration of patency, generic versions of the drugs are manufactured by other companies with prices much lower than the original branded drugs. Overall, this will negatively impact the growth of the market in terms of value. Companies in the respiratory drugs market are offering drugs for customized individual treatment for better treatment against respiratory diseases. Personalized medicine, also referred to as precision medicine, aims to provide medical care according to the patient’s individual characteristics and genetic makeup. Precision therapies are increasingly being adopted in the respiratory drugs market as firms increasingly let go of the one-size-fits-all model for common respiratory conditions. Companies such as GSK, Teva Pharmaceuticals and AstraZeneca have already invested in personalized medicine for respiratory issues such as asthma. For example, PTC Therapeutics, is developing a drug, which aims to cater to a respiratory mutation which affects about 10% of the population. Companies manufacturing respiratory drugs are increasingly using biomarkers in the drug development process to reduce the time taken to bring the product into the market. Biomarkers are biological indicators which are objectively measured and evaluated for biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention. It can also help predict the drug efficacy faster than conventional clinical endpoints, the point at which an undesired or abnormal effect of the drug is observed indicating withdrawal from therapy. Companies in this market are investing in the development of biomarkers for use in various activities such as tracking drug activity, the pharmacodynamics (relationship between the drug concentration at the site of action and the biochemical and physiological effect) of drugs and to study diseases and treatment pathways. Companies such as Genentech and Janssen are increasingly investing in the use of biomarkers for understanding the efficacy of a potential respiratory drug. For example, Janssen has partnership with U-BIOPRED (unbiased biomarkers in prediction of respiratory disease outcomes), a group in Europe that aims to understand more about severe asthma. Major companies in the respiratory diseases drugs market include Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Pfizer Inc., GlaxosmithKline, Novartis AG, Johnson & Johnson, Reckitt Benckiser Group plc, Mylan N.V., and Sanofi S.A. North America was the largest region in the respiratory diseases drugs market in 2021. The Middle East is expected to be the fastest growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the respiratory diseases drugs market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East and Africa. The countries covered in the respiratory diseases drugs market report are Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, UAE, UK, USA, Venezuela and Vietnam. The global respiratory diseases drugs market is segmented - 1) By Type: Anti-Asthmatics and COPD Drugs, Cough and Cold Preparations 2) By Distribution Channel: Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies/ Drug Stores, Others 3) By Route of Administration: Oral, Parenteral, Others 4) By Drug Classification: Branded Drugs, Generic Drugs 5) By Mode of Purchase: Prescription-Based Drugs, Over-The-Counter Drugs