Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Global Market Opportunities And Strategies To 2032

Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market 2023 – By End-User (Pharmaceuticals, Academic Research, Medical Devices, Chemicals & Pesticides, Cosmetics, Other End Users), And By Region, Opportunities And Strategies – Global Forecast To 2032

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Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Global Market Opportunities And Strategies To 2032

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Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Definition

Animal testing

Animal testing or in-vivo testing is the use of living animals in scientific experiments to assess the safety and effectiveness of new products developed in the biopharma, medical devices, chemicals, food and other industries. Animal testing allows scientists to understand how the human body might react to specific substances. The study on animals is a vital part of the research because the basic cell process and physiology of animals is similar to that of humans.

The animal testing market consists of the total expenses incurred by end-use entities that use animals for testing their products. End-use entities include academic research institutions and various industries (such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, chemicals & pesticides and cosmetics,) that conduct animal testing during product development. Pharmaceutical and medical device companies also use animal testing to understand basic disease mechanisms. End-use entities may also outsource these tests to clinical research organizations (CROs). The animal testing market covered in this report includes sales of animal testing services by CROs to end use industries.

Non-Animal Alternative Testing

Non-animal alternative testing technologies include those technologies such as in-vitro cell and tissue cultures, organs-on-chips (OOCs), computer simulations, 3D bioprinting of tissues and synthetic skin substitutes.  These technologies replace animal testing in end-use industries including pharmaceuticals, medical devices, chemicals and pesticides, food and others.

The non-animal alternative testing market is the total expenses incurred by end-use entities that use alternative technologies instead of animals for testing their products. End-use entities include academic research institutions, and various industries (such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, chemicals and pesticides and cosmetics) performing basic research, toxicology profiling, and others. The non-animal testing market covered in this report includes sales of non-animal testing services by CROs to end use industries. The market is inclusive of the costs of alternate technology tools and other operational costs involved in using these tools for various preclinical testing purposes.  The market takes into account the testing performed in alternative technologies in a particular geography i.e., where the testing happens, irrespective of where the products (drug or chemicals) that need to be tested are produced.

Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size

Animal testing

The global animal testing market was valued at $10.74 billion in 2019 and the market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.38% during 2019-2025 and at a CAGR of 2.13% during 2025-2035. USA and Japan are the major animal testing markets in the world. The USA’s animal testing market was valued at $4.67 billion in 2019, and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 1.27% during 2019-2025 and at a CAGR of 0.63% during 2025-2035. Japan’s animal testing market was valued at $1.03 billion in 2019. The market is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 3.12% during 2019-2025, and at a CAGR of 1.25% during 2025-2035.

The growth of the animal testing market in the USA and Japan is mainly due to the rise in R&D activities in end-use industries, and regulations to conduct animal experiments before testing on humans. However, the slow anticipated future growth rates (from 2021 to 2035) can be attributed to the requirement from federal agencies on biopharma companies to adopt 3R principles (i.e. to replace, reduce, and refine animals used in the laboratory research), protests from animal welfare organizations. In 2021, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) decided to rule out mammal testing for chemicals by 2035, and increasing preference by end-use industries towards the adoption of non-animal testing technologies.

Non-Animal Alternative Testing

The global non-animal alternative testing market was valued at $1.11 billion in 2019. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 11.13% during 2019-2025. The USA’s non-animal alternative testing technology market was valued at $0.34 billion in 2019. The USA’s market is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 13.09% through during 2019-2025. Japan's non-animal alternative testing technology market was valued at $0.06 billion in 2019 and the market is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 7.67% through 2025.

The growth in the non-animal alternative testing market is mainly due to the adoption of the 3R principles by both regulatory agencies, and end-use companies, especially in the cosmetic industry. The adoption of alternative technologies is expected to grow after 2026 post regulatory agencies’ validation and approval.

Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Drivers

The key drivers of the animal testing market include:

Need For Preclinical Studies For The Approval Of Therapeutics

The rise in need for preclinical studies for the approval of therapeutics is expected to contribute to the growth of the market. The need for preclinical studies is on the rise as the researchers gain insights on new drug candidates’ dosing and toxicity while conducting these studies in animal models. Preclinical studies provide information about the safety and efficacy of a drug candidate before testing it in humans. The studies require appropriate preclinical models that are comparable to the target population to ensure reliable results. According to clinicalTrials.gov, a web-based resource which provides data on clinical studies, as of March 2021, there were 448,408 clinical studies registered.  Thus, with the growing need for drug discovery and development, the need for animal models in preclinical studies is also growing contributing to the growth of the animal testing market.  

The key drivers of the non-animal alternative testing market include:

Increasing Adoption Of In-Vitro and In-Silico Technologies In Basic Research By Pharmaceutical Industry

The significant advancement of in-vitro and in-silico testing methods that led to the adoption of alternatives to animal testing by pharmaceutical companies for basic research studies contributed to the growth of the non-animal testing market. New in-vitro technologies such as organ-on-chip (OOC) and in-silico technology such as computer-aided modeling technologies are trying to replace whole-animal testing in the drug development life cycle.  For instance, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), researchers have created “organs-on-chips” that contain human cells grown in a state-of-the-art system to mimic the structure and function of human organs and organ systems. The chips can be used instead of animals in disease research, drug testing, and toxicity testing and have been shown to replicate human physiology, diseases, and drug responses more accurately than crude animal experiments do. Some companies, such as AlveoliX, MIMETAS, and Emulate, Inc., have already turned these chips into products that other researchers can use in place of animals.

Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Restraints

The key restraints on the animal alternative testing market include:

High Cost Of Animal Studies

The high cost associated with animal testing is challenging the growth of this market. The total cost of animal use in research studies is the sum of the cost of acquisition of the animals and that of maintaining the animals prior to and during their use. The maintenance cost and the actual cost for a particular species vary with the sex, strain, weight, age, quantity ordered, method of shipping, and distance shipped.  According to an animal supply company, New Zealand White Rabbits cost as high as $352 each, purebred Beagles for $1,049 and some primates costing more than $8,000 each.  Additionally, there is human labor cost, as the animals need an attendant. Therefore, the high cost of animal studies is hindering the animal testing market, and in a way boosting the adoption of alternative testing methods.

The key restraints on the non-animal alternative testing market include:

Regulatory Mandate On Animal Testing For Drug/Medical Device Approval

Regulatory authorities mandate animal testing for drug/medical approval in the pharmaceutical industry. Regulatory bodies such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) follow the Animal Efficacy Rule, a regulation to approve products for further clinical studies based on safety and efficacy studies in animals.   The existence of animal testing regulation in the pharmaceutical industry is hindering the non-animal alternative testing market.

Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Trends

Major trends shaping the non-animal alternative testing market include:

Developments In OOC (organ-on-chip) For Testing

The OOC (organ-on-chip) tools for testing are gaining popularity in the non-animal alternatives testing market. OOCs are miniature tissues and organs grown in-vitro that enable the modeling of human physiology and disease. OOCs are now being explored worldwide as tools for developing disease models and accurately predicting drug efficacies and toxicities. The advantages of OOCs over cell culture, animal models, and human clinical trials have captured the attention of both the medical and pharmaceutical communities focusing on developing targeted therapies. For instance, in April 2020, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US, developed a new model for Organ-on-Chip to develop treatments for inflammatory diseases and afflictions.  OOCs consist of millions of cells formed on a platform to replicate the functions of different organs and can be used as an instrument in analyzing and creating new treatments for complex diseases without the use of animals for testing.

Adoption Of In Silico Trials

The use of in silico trials for testing is another trend in the non-animal alternatives testing market. In silico means “performed on computer or via computer simulation”, in modern science it refers to experimental techniques performed by computers. The in-silico trials use artificial intelligence (AI)-based simulation technology to mimic human physiology that pharmaceutical companies can use as a proxy for patients. Researchers and clinicians feed drug data into the simulated model to predict the drug’s exposure in patients and test the safety and efficacy of a drug without any consequences on humans and animals.  For example, in March 2023, Certara Inc., a US-based leader in bio simulation launched Simcyp Simulator Version 22, a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) platform for determining first-in-human dosing, optimizing clinical study design, evaluating new drug formulations and predicting drug-drug interactions (DDIs).  Certara Inc,’s Simcyp Animal is a whole-body PBPK modeling platform for rats, dogs, monkeys and mice. It is based on the Simcyp Human Simulator with simplified interfaces and well-validated models.

Opportunities And Recommendations In The Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

Opportunities –The top opportunities in the animal testing and non-animal alternative testing market segmented by type will arise in the animal testing segment, which will gain $2.37 billion of global annual sales by 2025 and $3.08 billion of global annual sales by 2035. The animal testing market size will gain the most in Rest of the World at $1.44 billion in 2025 and $3.62 billion in 2035. The non-animal alternative testing market size will gain the most in Europe at $0.50 billion in 2025 and $2.17 billion in 2035.

Recommendations-To take advantage of the opportunities, The Business Research Company recommends the animal testing and non-animal alternative testing companies to focus on in silico methods, develop human-on-chip models, develop 3D-printed organs, focus on pricing based on economies, focus on developing economies, collaborate with end user companies, focus on specific diseases and collaborate with technology developers and animal welfare organizations for promotion.

Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Segmentation

The animal testing market is segmented by end use industrial application.
By End Use Industrial Application -
The animal testing market is segmented by end use industrial application into
    • a) Pharmaceuticals
    • b) Academic Research
    • c) Medical Devices
    • d) Chemicals And Pesticides
    • e) Cosmetics
    • f) Other end users

By Geography - The animal testing and non-animal alternative testing market is segmented by geography into
      o USA
      o Canada
      o Japan
      o China
      o Australia
      o Europe
      o France
      o Germany
      o UK
      o Rest Of The World

Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Competitive Landscape

Major Competitors are:

  • Cyprotex
  • Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
  • BioIVT
  • Emulate, Inc
  • MatTek Corporation
  • Other Competitors Include:

  • SGS SA
  • Gentronix Limited
  • Promega Corporation
  • InSphero
  • VITROCELL Systems GmbH
    1. Table Of Contents

      1. Executive Summary

      2. Table of Contents

      3. List of Figures

      4. List of Tables

      5. Report Structure

      6. Introduction and Market Characteristics

      6.1. General Market Definition

      6.2. Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Definition And Segmentations

      6.2.1. Animal Testing

      6.2.2. Non-Animal Alternative Testing

      6.2.3. Facts About Animals In Research - Functional Resemblances Of Animals To Human Body

      6.3. Market Segmentation By End-Use Industry

      6.3.1. Pharmaceuticals

      6.3.2. Academic Research

      6.3.3. Medical Devices

      6.3.4. Chemicals And Pesticides

      6.3.5. Cosmetics

      6.3.6. Other End Users

      7. Value Chain Analysis

      7.1.1. Animal Breeders and Suppliers

      7.1.2. Non-Animal Alternative Testing Technology Developers

      7.1.3. Regulatory Authorities

      7.1.4. Alternative Testing Service Providers

      7.1.5. End-Use Industries

      7.1.6. Clinical Trials

      8. Non-Animal Alternative Testing Trends

      8.1. Developments In OOC (organ-on-chip) For Testing

      8.2. Adoption Of In Silico Trials

      8.3. Use Of Model Organisms

      8.4. Focus On 3D-Printed Organs For Testing

      8.5. Increasing Collaborations And Partnerships To Reduce Animal Testing

      8.6. Rising Initiatives And Grants To Promote Animal-Free Testing

      9. Cost Analysis For Animal Testing And Alternative Technologies

      9.1.1. Average Cost Of Laboratory Animals

      9.1.2. Average Cost Of Non-Animal Alternative Testing Methods

      9.1.3. Comparative Cost Analysis For Animal Testing And Alternative Methods

      9.2. Costs Involved In Animal Testing, 2021

      10. Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Segments

      10.1. By End Use Industrial Application

      10.1.1. Important Areas of Use

      10.1.2. Basic Research

      10.1.3. Applied Research

      10.1.4. Regulatory Testing

      10.1.5. Development Of New Diagnostic Methods

      10.1.6. Breeding Of Genetically Altered Animals

      10.1.7. Animal Cloning

      10.2. End-User Applications

      10.3. Animal Testing Market By Animal Type

      10.3.1. Mice

      10.3.2. Rat

      10.3.3. Frogs

      10.3.4. Fish

      10.3.5. Birds

      10.3.6. Guinea pig

      10.3.7. Hamster

      10.3.8. Rabbits

      10.3.9. Sheep

      10.3.10. Dogs

      10.3.11. Cats

      10.3.12. Monkeys

      10.3.13. Pigs

      10.3.14. Others

      11. Number Of Animals Used In Research, By Country

      11.1.1. USA

      11.1.2. Europe

      11.1.3. United Kingdom (UK)

      11.1.4. Germany

      11.1.5. France

      11.1.6. Australia

      11.1.7. Canada

      11.1.8. China

      12. Non-Animal Alternative Testing Technologies By Type And End Use

      12.1. Introduction

      12.2. Types Of Non-Animal Alternative Testing Technologies

      12.2.1. Cell Or Tissue Culture (In-Vitro)

      12.2.2. Major Cell Culture Developers Worldwide

      12.2.3. Organ-On-Chip (OOC)

      12.2.4. Global OOC Market Size And Growth

      12.2.5. OOC Market Drivers And Restraints

      12.2.6. Market Drivers

      12.2.7. Market Restraints

      12.2.8. In-silico (Computer-Based Models)

      12.2.9. Artificial Skin Models (Skin Substitutes)

      12.2.10. Other Technologies

      13. End-User Industries Adoption Of Alternative Testing Technologies

      13.1. Adoption of Alternative Testing Technologies By Type of Industry

      13.1.1. Cosmetics Industry

      13.1.2. Pharmaceutical Industry

      13.1.3. Medical Device Industry

      13.1.4. Others

      13.2. Adoption of 3R’s In USA

      13.2.1. 3R Adoption In The Cosmetics Industry

      13.2.2. 3R Adoption In The Pharmaceutical Industry

      13.2.3. 3R Adoption In The Medical Device Industry

      13.3. Adoption of 3R’s In China

      13.3.1. 3R Adoption In The Cosmetics Industry

      13.3.2. 3R Adoption In The Pharmaceutical Industry

      13.3.3. 3R Adoption In The Medical Device Industry

      13.4. Adoption of 3R’s In Europe

      13.4.1. 3R Adoption In The Cosmetics Industry

      13.4.2. 3R Adoption In The Pharmaceutical Industry

      13.4.3. 3R Adoption In The Medical Device Industry

      14. Global Animal Testing And Non-Animal Testing Market

      14.1. Global Animal Testing Market Size And Growth

      14.1.1. Global Animal Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      14.1.2. Global Animal Testing Market, By Volume (Million Units)

      14.1.3. Animal Testing Market Drivers

      14.1.4. Animal Testing Market Restraints

      14.2. Global Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size And Growth

      14.2.1. Global Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      14.2.2. Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Drivers

      14.2.3. Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Restraints

      15. Animal Testing And Non-Animal Testing Market, Regional And Country Analysis

      16. USA Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      16.1. USA Animal Testing Market

      16.1.1. USA Animal Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      16.1.2. USA Animal Testing Market, By Volume (Million Units)

      16.2. USA Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      16.2.1. USA Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      16.3. USA Animal Testing Market By End Use Industrial Application

      16.3.1. Market By Value And Volume

      16.3.2. Share Of Top 5 Companies, By Revenue (In Each Industrial Application)

      16.4. Regulatory Landscape In The USA

      16.4.1. Regulatory Bodies & Policies

      16.4.2. Proposed Regulations & Guidelines Driving The Animal Testing Alternatives Market

      16.4.3. USDA & Animal Welfare Act

      16.4.4. ICCVAM

      16.4.5. FDA

      16.4.6. NIH

      17. Japan Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      17.1. Japan Animal Testing Market

      17.1.1. Japan Animal Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      17.1.2. Japan Animal Testing Market, By Volume (Million Units)

      17.2. Japan Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      17.2.1. Japan Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      17.3. Japan Animal Testing Market By End Use Industrial Application

      17.3.1. Share Of Top 5 Companies, By Revenue (In Each Industrial Application)

      17.4. Regulatory Landscape In Japan

      17.4.1. Regulatory Bodies & Policies

      17.4.2. Proposed Regulations & Guidelines Driving Animal Testing Alternatives Market

      17.4.3. Law for the Humane Treatment and Management of Animals

      17.4.4. MHLW, MEXT, And MAFF

      18. China Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      18.1. China Animal Testing Market

      18.1.1. China Animal Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      18.1.2. China Animal Testing Market, By Volume (Million Units)

      18.2. Regulatory Landscape In China

      18.2.1. Regulatory Bodies & Policies

      18.2.2. Proposed Regulations & Guidelines Driving Animal Testing Alternatives Market

      19. Australia Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      19.1. Australia Animal Testing Market

      19.1.1. Australia Animal Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      19.1.2. Australia Animal Testing Market, By Volume (Million Units)

      19.2. Regulatory Landscape In Australia

      19.2.1. Regulatory Bodies & Policies

      19.2.2. Proposed Regulations & Guidelines Driving The Animal Testing Alternatives Market

      20. Europe Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      20.1. Regulatory Landscape In Europe

      20.1.1. EU Directive 2010/63

      20.2. Europe Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      20.2.1. Europe Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      21. France Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      21.1. France Animal Testing Market

      21.1.1. France Animal Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      21.1.2. France Animal Testing Market, By Volume (Million Units)

      21.2. France Animal Testing Market By End Use Industrial Application

      21.2.1. Market By Value

      21.3. Regulatory Landscape In France

      21.3.1. Regulatory Bodies & Policies

      21.3.2. Proposed Regulations & Guidelines Driving The Animal Testing Alternatives Market

      22. Germany Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      22.1. Germany Animal Testing Market

      22.1.1. Germany Animal Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      22.1.2. Germany Animal Testing Market, By Volume (Million Units)

      22.2. Germany Animal Testing Market By End Use Industrial Application

      22.2.1. Market By Value

      22.3. Regulatory Landscape In Germany

      22.3.1. Regulatory Bodies & Policies

      22.3.2. Proposed Regulations & Guidelines Driving the Animal Testing Alternatives Market

      23. UK Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      23.1. UK Animal Testing Market

      23.1.1. UK Animal Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      23.1.2. UK Animal Testing Market, By Volume (Million Units)

      23.2. UK Animal Testing Market By End Use Industrial Application

      23.2.1. Market By Value

      23.3. Regulatory Landscape in United Kingdom (UK)

      23.3.1. Regulatory Bodies & Policies

      23.3.2. Proposed Regulations & Guidelines Driving the Animal Testing Alternatives Market

      24. Canada Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      24.1. Canada Animal Testing Market

      24.1.1. Canada Animal Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      24.1.2. Canada Animal Testing Market, By Volume (Million Units)

      24.2. Regulatory Landscape In Canada

      24.2.1. Regulatory Bodies & Policies

      24.2.2. Proposed Regulations & Guidelines Driving Animal Testing Alternatives Market

      25. Rest Of The World Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      25.1. Rest Of The World Animal Testing Market

      25.1.1. Rest Of The World Animal Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      25.1.2. Rest Of The World Animal Testing Market, By Volume (Million Units)

      25.2. Rest of The World Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market

      25.2.1. Rest of The World Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Value ($ Billion)

      25.3. Regulatory Landscape In Rest of the World (RoW)

      25.3.1. Regulatory Bodies & Policies

      25.3.2. Proposed Regulations & Guidelines Driving Animal Testing Alternatives Market

      26. Non-Animal Alternatives Testing Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles

      26.1. Company Profiles

      26.2. Cyprotex

      26.2.1. Company Overview

      26.2.2. Products And Services

      26.2.3. Business Strategy

      26.2.4. Financial Overview

      26.3. Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.

      26.3.1. Company Overview

      26.3.2. Products And Services

      26.3.3. Business Strategy

      26.3.4. Financial Overview

      26.4. BioIVT

      26.4.1. Company Overview

      26.4.2. Products And Services

      26.4.3. Business Strategy

      26.4.4. Financial Overview

      26.5. Emulate, Inc

      26.5.1. Company Overview

      26.5.2. Products And Services

      26.5.3. Business Strategy

      26.5.4. Financial Overview

      26.6. MatTek Corporation

      26.6.1. Company Overview

      26.6.2. Products And Services

      26.6.3. Business Strategy

      26.6.4. Financial Overview

      26.7. USA Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Competitive Landscape

      26.7.1. Organovo Holdings, Inc

      26.7.2. MatTek Corporation

      26.7.3. EMD Millipore

      26.8. Japan Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Competitive Landscape

      26.8.1. Japan Tissue Engineering Co., Ltd. (J-TEC)

      26.8.2. ReproCell Inc

      26.8.3. Organ Technologies Co, Ltd

      26.9. Europe Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Competitive Landscape

      26.9.1. Episkin

      27. Animal Testing And Non Animal Alternative Testing Global Market Opportunities And Strategies

      27.1. Global Animal Testing Market In 2035 – Geographies Offering Most New Opportunities

      27.2. Global Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market In 2035 – Geographies Offering Most New Opportunities

      27.3. Global Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market In 2035 – Segments Offering Most New Opportunities

      27.4. Global Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market In 2025 – Growth Strategies

      27.4.1. Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Trend Based Strategies

      27.4.2. Competitor Strategies

      28. Conclusions & Recommendations

      28.1. Conclusions

      28.2. Recommendations

      28.2.1. Product

      28.2.2. Price

      28.2.3. Place

      28.2.4. Promotion

      28.2.5. People

      29. Appendix

      29.1. Glossary

      29.2. Market Data Sources

      29.3. Research Methodology

      29.3.1. OCED Accepted In Vito Tests

    List Of Tables

      Table 1: Estimated Average Cost Of Animals, 2020 ($)
    • Table 2: Estimated Cost Analysis For Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Methods, 2022 ($)
    • Table 3: Estimated Number of Legally Protected Animals In Research Laboratories in the USA, 2021
    • Table 4: Estimated Number of Animals Used in Research, UK, 2021
    • Table 5: Number of Animals Used in Research, Germany, 2020
    • Table 6: Animal Used by Species Group, Germany, (% Share), 2018
    • Table 7: Global OOC Market, Historic Market Size, 2015 – 2019, $ Million
    • Table 8: Global OOC Market, Forecast Market Size, 2019 – 2023, $ Million
    • Table 9:  Organ-On-Chips As An Alternative To Animal Testing, Major OOC Developers Worldwide
    • Table 10: Computer Simulation As An Alternative to Animal Testing, Major In-Silico Model Developers
    • Table 11: Artificial Skin Model As An Alternative To Animal Testing, Major Artificial Skin Model Developers
    • Table 12: Non-Animal Alternative Testing Methods Accepted By The US Agencies
    • Table 13: Non-Animal Alternative Testing Methods Accepted By The China Agencies
    • Table 14: Non-Animal Alternative Testing Methods Accepted By The European Commission
    • Table 15: Global Animal Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 16: Global Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019– 2035, Million Units
    • Table 17: Global Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 18: USA Animal Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 19: USA Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019– 2035, Million Units
    • Table 20: USA Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 21: USA Animal Testing Market, By End Use Industrial Application, By Value ($ Billion), And By Volume (Millions Units) 2022,
    • Table 22: USA Animal Testing Market, Estimated Share of Top 5 Companies (In Each Industrial Application), 2021
    • Table 23: Laboratory Animal Testing Regulatory Landscape In The USA
    • Table 24: Japan Animal Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 25: Japan Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019– 2035, Million Units
    • Table 26: Japan Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 27: Japan Animal Testing Market, Estimated Share of Top 5 Companies (In Each Industrial Application), 2021
    • Table 28: Laboratory Animal Testing Regulatory Landscape In Japan
    • Table 29: China Animal Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 30: China Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019– 2035, Million Units
    • Table 31: Laboratory Animal Testing Regulatory Landscape In China
    • Table 32: Australia Animal Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 33: Australia Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019– 2035, Million Units
    • Table 34: Laboratory Animal Testing Regulatory Landscape In Australia
    • Table 35: Europe Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 36: France Animal Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 37: France Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019– 2035, Million Units
    • Table 38: France Animal Testing Market, By End Use Industrial Application, By Value, 2022, $ Billion
    • Table 39: Laboratory Animal Testing Regulatory Landscape In France
    • Table 40: Germany Animal Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 41: Germany Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019– 2035, Million Units
    • Table 42: Germany Animal Testing Market, By End Use Industrial Application, By Value, 2022, $ Billion
    • Table 43: Laboratory Animal Testing Regulatory Landscape In Germany
    • Table 44: UK Animal Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 45: UK Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019– 2035, Million Units
    • Table 46: UK Animal Testing Market, By End Use Industrial Application, By Value, 2022, $ Billion
    • Table 47: Laboratory Animal Testing Regulatory Landscape In The UK
    • Table 48: Canada Animal Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 49: Canada Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019– 2035, Million Units
    • Table 50: Laboratory Animal Testing Regulatory Landscape In Canada
    • Table 51: Rest Of The World Animal Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 52: Rest Of The World Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019– 2035, Million Units
    • Table 53: Rest Of The World Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Table 54: Laboratory Animal Testing Regulatory Landscape In RoW
    • Table 55: Global Non-Animal Alternatives Testing Market, Key Competitor Estimated Market Shares, 2021, Percentage (%)
    • Table 56: Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. – Financial Performance, 2017– 2021, $ Billion
    • Table 57: Emulate Inc, Product Portfolio
    • Table 58: Emulate Inc, Product & Services
    • Table 59: Organovo, Product Portfolio
    • Table 60: MatTek, Product Portfolio
    • Table 61: EMD Millipore, Product Portfolio
    • Table 62: J-TEC, Product Portfolio
    • Table 63: ReproCell, Product Portfolio
    • Table 64: Organ Technologies Product Portfolio
    • Table 65: Episkin, Product Portfolio
    • Table 66: Global Animal Testing Market Size Gain ($ Billion), 2019 – 2035, By Country
    • Table 67: Global Non-Animal Alternative Market Size Gain ($ Billion), 2019 – 2035, By Country
    • Table 68: Global Animal Testing And Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size Gain ($ Billion), Segmentation By Type, 2019 – 2035
    • Table 69: Market Data Sources
    • Table 70: OECD Accepted In-Vitro Tests For Medical Devices

    List Of Figures

      Figure 1: Geographic Regions Covered
    • Figure 2: Global Animal Testing Market Segmentation By End-Use Industry
    • Figure 3: Value Chain Analysis For Animal Testing & Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market
    • Figure 4: Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals in the UK, 2021
    • Figure 5: Animal Used by Species Group, 2020, (%)
    • Figure 6:  Global OOC Market, Historic Market Size, 2015 – 2019, $ Million
    • Figure 7:  Global OOC Market, Forecast Market Size, 2019 – 2023, $ Million
    • Figure 8: Animal Testing & Non-Animal Alternative Testing Share In The Major End-Use Industries
    • Figure 9:  Global Animal Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 10:  Global Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019 – 2035, Million Units
    • Figure 11:  Global Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 12: USA Animal Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 13: USA Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019 – 2035, Million Units
    • Figure 14:  USA Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 15:  USA Animal Testing Market, By End Use Industrial Application, By Value ($ Billion), And By Volume (Millions Units) 2022
    • Figure 16: Japan Animal Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 17: Japan Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019 – 2035, Million Units
    • Figure 18:  Japan Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size, 2019– 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 19: China Animal Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 20: China Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019 – 2035, Million Units
    • Figure 21: Australia Animal Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 22: Australia Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019 – 2035, Million Units
    • Figure 23:  Europe Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 24: France Animal Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 25: France Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019 – 2035, Million Units
    • Figure 26:  France Animal Testing Market, By End Use Industrial Application, By Value, 2022, $ Billion
    • Figure 27: Germany Animal Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 28: Germany Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019 – 2035, Million Units
    • Figure 29:  Germany Animal Testing Market, By End Use Industrial Application, By Value, 2022, $ Billion
    • Figure 30: UK Animal Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 31: UK Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019 – 2035, Million Units
    • Figure 32:  UK Animal Testing Market, By End Use Industrial Application, By Value, 2022, $ Billion
    • Figure 33: Canada Animal Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 34: Canada Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019 – 2035, Million Units
    • Figure 35: Rest Of The World Animal Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 36: Rest Of The World Animal Testing Market, Volume, 2019 – 2035, Million Units
    • Figure 37:  Rest of The World Non-Animal Alternative Testing Market Size, 2019 – 2035, $ Billion
    • Figure 38: Global Non-Animal Alternatives Testing Market, Key Competitor Estimated Market Shares, 2021, Percentage (%)
    • Figure 39: Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. – Financial Performance, 2017– 2021, $ Billion
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